Portugal
Both Spain and Portugal had expelled Jews around 1500.
If they tried to remain and practice their religion they were subjected to the Spanish Inquisition and tortured sometimes to death.
In 1911 Portugal became a republic and Jews were finally free to build synagogues.
In 1926 Portugal became a fascist dictatorship and then Spain in 1939. Both countries were pro Nazi but did not bother to bring in race laws against their small Jewish populations.
However, Portugal made it illegal to grant entry visas for Jewish refugees.
In 1940 Aristides de Sousa Mendes, was in charge of the Portuguese consulate in Bordeaux
Thousands of Jews had fled Paris to Bordeaux a French port city, to escape the Nazis. They were begging for exit visas to enter Spain then Porto to get to the then neutral USA.
Aristides broke with the Portuguese regime and issued thousands of visas.
In 2024, the Portuguese Government finally restored his family house into a museum about his life and the Holocaust.